A neuron consists of which of the following parts?

The correct answer identifies one of the primary components of a neuron known as the soma, or cell body. The soma serves as the central part of the neuron and contains the nucleus, which houses the neuron's genetic material and is essential for maintaining cellular functions. In addition to housing the nucleus, the soma integrates signals received from the neuron’s dendrites, contributing to the neuron's overall function in neurotransmission.

While the axon and dendrites are also integral parts of a neuron, the question specifically highlights the soma as a central structure. The axon is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses away from the soma to other neurons or muscles, while dendrites are extensions that receive signals from other neurons. Thus, referring solely to the soma, as the core component of a neuron that combines these functions, emphasizes its critical role in the neuron's operation.