What anatomical parts are removed from a female dog or cat during a spay surgery?

During a spay surgery, also known as an ovariohysterectomy, the anatomical parts that are removed from a female dog or cat include both the uterus and the ovaries. This procedure is designed to sterilize the animal and eliminate the possibility of pregnancy, as well as prevent certain health issues such as uterine infections and cancers of the reproductive system. By removing the ovaries, the production of hormones responsible for the reproductive cycle is halted, which also has implications for behavioral changes and the prevention of certain health problems.

Other options suggest partial removal or different combinations of reproductive organs. The removal of only the ovaries would not effectively stop the animal from coming into heat or prevent uterine diseases. Similarly, removing only the uterus or uterine horns does not address the hormonal influences that are also regulated by the ovaries. Therefore, the comprehensive removal of both the uterus and the ovaries is essential for the intended purposes of the spay surgery.