What is the final step in the cleaning and sterilization process of surgical instruments?

The final step in the cleaning and sterilization process of surgical instruments is autoclaving. Autoclaving involves using high-pressure steam to achieve sterilization, which effectively kills all microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores. This method is critical in ensuring that surgical instruments are completely free of pathogens prior to use in surgical procedures, thereby minimizing the risk of infection in patients.

While washing, soaking, and drying are important preliminary steps in the cleaning process, they are not sufficient for sterilization. Washing removes visible debris and organic matter, soaking may help in loosening stubborn contaminants, and drying prevents moisture that can promote microbial growth. However, none of these steps can guarantee the complete sterilization required for surgical instruments, which is why autoclaving is essential as the final step in the protocol.