What is the function of aggregation pheromones in certain species?

Aggregation pheromones play a crucial role in social behaviors among certain species, particularly insects. Their primary function is to facilitate the formation of groups or gatherings. When individuals of a species release aggregation pheromones, they signal to others that there is a suitable environment or resource available, prompting more individuals to come together in that area. This collective behavior can enhance foraging efficiency, improve mating opportunities, and provide protection from predators through increased numbers.

The other options do not accurately reflect the specific role of aggregation pheromones. Marking territory typically involves different types of pheromones that establish boundaries rather than gather individuals. While deterring predators can involve pheromonal communication, aggregation pheromones specifically are not designed for this purpose. Maintaining pregnancy is a completely different biological process and involves hormones rather than pheromones used for social interaction. Thus, the function of aggregation pheromones distinctly aligns with forming groups, making that the correct understanding in this context.