What type of learning occurs when one animal observes and learns from another's actions?

The type of learning that occurs when one animal observes and learns from another's actions is best described as observation. In this context, observation learning involves acquiring information and skills simply by watching others perform tasks or behaviors. This form of learning is crucial in many species, as it allows individuals to learn without direct experience, which can be beneficial for survival and adaptability.

When animals engage in observing the actions of their peers or predecessors, they can acquire knowledge about food sources, predator recognition, social interactions, and other critical behaviors. This method of learning enhances efficiency, as it reduces the risks and time associated with trial-and-error methods of acquiring skills.

Imitation, while closely related, is more specific and often involves replicating the exact behavior of the observed individual, rather than just learning from observation. Conditioning refers to a learning process that occurs through associations, while trial and error involves learning through repeated attempts and finding solutions over time, none of which encompass the broader aspect of learning that occurs through simple observation.