Which of the following is used to decontaminate and sterilize surgical instruments?

The autoclave is a specialized device that uses high-pressure steam to sterilize surgical instruments. It is designed to eradicate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. The combination of steam heat and pressure ensures that the instruments are not only cleaned but also completely sterilized, making them safe for use during surgical procedures.

In contrast, while chemical disinfectants can effectively reduce pathogens on surfaces and instruments, they may not achieve the same level of sterilization as an autoclave, particularly if the instruments are heavily soiled or if the disinfectants are not left in contact for the required duration.

An ultrasonic cleaner utilizes sound waves to create cavitation bubbles in a cleaning solution, effectively removing debris from instruments, but it primarily cleans rather than sterilizes. For complete sterilization, instruments would still need to be processed in an autoclave afterward.

Steam sterilization is a process used by the autoclave, so while it is a valid method of sterilization, the term is broader and encompasses the general concept of using steam for sterilizing, rather than specifying the apparatus used, which in this case is the autoclave. Thus, the best answer to the question about the decontamination and sterilization of