Which pheromones do spiny lobsters use to deter predators?

Spiny lobsters utilize aggregation pheromones to deter predators. These pheromones are chemical signals that help lobsters communicate with one another, allowing them to congregate in groups. When spiny lobsters aggregate, they can effectively enhance their defense against potential threats. The presence of multiple lobsters can intimidate predators and reduce individual risk, as a larger group is statistically harder for a predator to attack and successfully capture.

In contrast, sex pheromones primarily function in attracting mates and do not serve a purpose in predator deterrence. Norepinephrine and testosterone are hormones rather than pheromones and are involved in different physiological processes within the organism, rather than the behavioral response to predators. Therefore, the correct answer center on the role of aggregation pheromones in promoting safety through group behavior in spiny lobsters.